Which option is an example of a mechanical modality used for edema?

• A. Therapeutic massage
• B. Intermittent compression devices
• C. Cryotherapy
• D. Paraffin bath

Answer: (B)

Mechanical modalities reduce edema by applying external forces that move fluid from the swollen area back into the circulation. Intermittent compression devices do exactly that: they deliver cyclical pressure through sleeves or boots to squeeze the limb, boost venous return and lymphatic drainage, and thereby decrease swelling. This is different from manual techniques like massage, which rely on the clinician’s hands rather than a device; cryotherapy uses cold to reduce swelling through vasoconstriction and metabolic effects rather than mechanical pressure; and a paraffin bath provides heat to soften tissues and improve comfort, not to move fluid mechanically. If edema is driven by venous insufficiency or lymphedema, intermittent compression devices are a common mechanical approach to help manage it.