Which of the following is NOT a mechanical modality?

• A. Spinal traction
• B. Intermittent compression devices
• C. Therapeutic massage
• D. Joint mobilization and traction

Answer: (C)

Mechanical modalities are those that apply a defined physical force to body tissues, usually delivered by a device or a specific manual technique that imposes loading. Spinal traction uses a pulling force to separate spinal segments, providing decompression. Intermittent compression devices deliver cyclic pressure to limbs to move fluid and reduce edema. Joint mobilization and traction apply controlled forces to joints to restore range of motion or relieve stiffness, with traction as a particular mode of mechanical loading.

Therapeutic massage, while it involves manual contact and tissue manipulation, is considered a manual therapy rather than a mechanical modality in this context. It relies on skilled hands to influence soft tissues, circulation, and neural tone rather than applying a structured external mechanical load or device-driven force to a joint or limb. Therefore, it is not classified as a mechanical modality.