Which modality is described as producing superficial heating to improve circulation?

• A. Infrared
• B. Short wave diathermy
• C. Ultraviolet
• D. Microtherapy

Answer: (A)

Infrared therapy provides superficial heating by radiant energy absorbed mainly in the skin and shallow tissues, which raises their temperature and triggers vasodilation to increase local blood flow. This makes it ideal for improving circulation in surface-level tissues and for warming before activity. Short wave diathermy heats deeper tissues, so it’s not limited to superficial warming. Ultraviolet does not rely on heating to improve circulation and is used for skin effects like tanning or disinfection, not circulatory warming. Microtherapy isn’t a heating modality and typically relates to electrical stimulation rather than producing surface warmth.