Do PAMs increase or decrease edema?

• A. Increase Edema
• B. Decrease Edema
• C. No Change
• D. Fluctuate Edema

Answer: (B)

Edema is swelling from excess fluid in the tissues, and many physical agent modalities help reduce that swelling by moving fluid out of the interstitial space back toward the circulation. External compression increases external pressure, which lowers capillary filtration and promotes lymphatic and venous drainage. Elevation uses gravity to assist fluid return from the affected area. Cryotherapy reduces edema through vasoconstriction and decreased capillary permeability, helping limit fluid leakage and inflammation. Techniques that activate the muscle pump, such as electrical stimulation or purposeful movement, boost venous return and reduce edema. In general, the goal of PAMs in this context is to decrease edema, not increase it or leave it unchanged.